abstract：:The effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on pulmonary glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was investigated using the isolated perfused rabbit lung (IPRL) preparation. CO at a concentration of 7.5% did not alter the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with 1,2-epoxy-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (ENP) in the IPRL. The rate of GS...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Yang CM,Carlson GP

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neomycin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic), ethacrynate (a loop diuretic), cisplatin (an anticancer drug) and mercuric chloride are chemically unrelated drugs which present similar ototoxic and nephrotoxic properties. We have found that all these molecules inhibit inositol phosphate turnover induced by carbachol or gluta...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Guiramand J,Lenoir M,Pujol R,Récasens M

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aminoglycoside antibiotics play an integral role in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these drugs are known to cause nephrotoxicity in man and experimental animals. In fact, the incidence of renal dysfunction during the course of clinical treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics is approximately 10%. Over th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kacew S,Bergeron MG

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of tri- and hexavalent chromium after intraperitoneal administration for 5 consecutive days on testicular histopathology and epididymal sperm number was assessed. Treatment with hexavalent chromium induced testicular atrophy and a reduction in epididymal sperm number after 60 days. No effect was seen after ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ernst E

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrachlorobenzyltoluene (TCBT) (Ugilec 141) was investigated in induction experiments in male and female Wistar rats with long-term (50, 100 and 300 mg/kg p.o. daily for 28 days) and short-term administration (300 mg/kg once and 100 mg/kg daily for 4 days). The increase in total cytochrome P-450 did not exceed the fa...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： von Meyerinck L,Hufnagel B,Schmoldt A,Benthe HF

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse neuroblastoma cells exposed to 2.5 and 5.0 microM methylmercury for 24 h appeared rounded with the loss of processes. Immunohistochemical staining directed against beta-tubulin revealed severe alterations in microtubular architecture. Non-membrane-bound condensation product was visualized ultrastructurally in th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kromidas L,Trombetta LD,Jamall IS

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The separation and determination of 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) in bovine urine by reverse-phase HPLC is described. The method utilizes a rapid ethyl acetate extraction and this clean-up step also improves the chromatographic resolution of NPA in bovine plasma. A simple colorimetric method is also developed for the ra...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Majak W,McDiarmid RE

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activities of vanadium oxide (V2O3), vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4) and ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in inducing sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations (CAb) were assayed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The toxic concentrations (TC50) for these compounds were found to be 25, 23 and 16 micrograms el...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Owusu-Yaw J,Cohen MD,Fernando SY,Wei CI

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Swiss OF1 mice received a single oral dose of either 80 mg/kg hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) or 80 mg/kg methyl mercury (MeHg). Examination of cryostat kidney sections stained for alkaline phosphatase (APP) revealed damage to about 50% of the proximal tubules after 8 h. Pretreatment with the gamma-glutamyltransp...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： de Ceaurriz J,Ban M

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of dietary vomitoxin on the serum IgA and IgG responses to two model intestinal antigens, casein and cholera toxin (CT), were assessed in 4 experimental groups: (1) mice fed casein-based diet, (2) mice fed casein-based diet containing 25 ppm vomitoxin, (3) mice fed casein-based diet and immunized with CT, a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pestka JJ,Moorman MA,Warner RL

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of lead exposure have been studied upon the behavioural and diuretic responses to the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50488H in neonatal rats. Lead was administered in the maternal drinking water (100, 300 and 1000 ppm) from conception to postnatal day 14. The hyperactivity, wall climbing behaviours and di...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Jackson HC,Kitchen I

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Computer simulation can be used to integrate existing toxicity information within a biologically realistic framework. Simulation models calculate relevant measures of target tissue dose based on physiological, biochemical and physicochemical properties and readily support the dose, route, species and interchemical ext...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Clewell HJ 3rd,Andersen ME

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective emergency preparedness and response planning are needed to assist responders in making sound decisions under the stressful and confusing conditions accompanying a major accidental release of hazardous materials. One of the most important decisions to be made is the extent and duration of the evacuation of pe...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wiener RK,Shaver DK

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The availability of different chemical forms of mercury (Hg) was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes incubated with mercuric acetate (HgAc), mercuric diethyldithiocarbamate (Hg(DTC)2) or methyl mercuric chloride (MeHgCl), labelled with 203Hg. The uptake of Hg was linearly related to the concentration in the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hellström-Lindahl E,Oskarsson A

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies indicated that the enantiomers of thalidomide and its analogue EM12 exhibit differing teratogenic potencies. Unfortunately, these substances proved to be unstable and racemised considerably, so that the intrinsic teratogenic potencies of the pure enantiomers were difficult to elucidate. We have theref...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hauck RS,Nau H

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) induces nephrotoxicity via one or more metabolites which arise from oxidation of the succinimide ring. The purpose of this study was to examine the nephrotoxic potential of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxysuccinamic acid (3-NDHSA), a potential metabolite of NDPS and a positiona...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rankin GO,Shih H,Teets VJ,Nicoll DW,Brown PI

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of two herbicides (paraquat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid) and two fungicides (mancozeb and captafol) was studied on the growth of Flagellospora penicillioides, Lunulospora curvula and Phalangispora constricta using the poisoned-food technique. The pesticides did not produce any inhibition of growth a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chandrashekar KR,Kaveriappa KM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant rats were exposed to 0, 100, 200, 400 or 800 ppm of carbon disulfide (CS2), 100 ppm of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) alone or in combination with 400 and 800 ppm CS2, 6 h/d during days 6-20 of gestation. Maternal reproduction and fetal parameters were evaluated on gestational day 21. Treatment with 100 or 200 ppm CS...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Saillenfait AM,Bonnet P,de Ceaurriz J

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of selenium on cellular toxicity and histochemical distribution of mercury were examined in a cell culture system of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Selenium protected against the toxicity of mercury in cultures exposed to 4 microM of mercuric chloride. Selenomethionine caused a significant increase in cell ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Christensen M,Rungby J,Mogensen SC

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Besides hepatotoxicity, paracetamol may exert nephrotoxic effects in experimental animals and man. The present study in rats shows that cholestyramine given 4 and 24 h after paracetamol provided protection against both hepato- and nephrotoxicity; this was evidenced by reduced increments in plasma enzyme activities (SD...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Siegers CP,Möller-Hartmann W

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:O,O,S-Trimethylphosphorothioate (OOS-Me) and O,S,S-trimethylphosphorodithioate (OSS-Me) are impurities in technical grade malathion and related insecticides which have been shown to cause delayed death in rats following a single oral dose of 40-60 mg/kg. In connection with studies on the mode of action of these compou...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Keadtisuke S,Dheranetra W,Fukuto TR

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat and canine hepatocyte suspensions were exposed to toxic concentrations of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ionophore A-23187 in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) and alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS). The exogenous administration of alpha-TS (25 microM) completely protected hepatocytes f...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fariss MW,Merson MH,O'Hara TM

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is a review of epidemiological studies in which sensitive markers of nephrotoxicity have been used to detect the early effects of chemicals on the kidney. Most of the studies are cross-sectional, and their objective was either to identify potentially nephrotoxic chemicals (organic solvents, heavy metals) in...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bernard A,Lauwerys R

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevention of renal diseases induced by chemicals requires the use of tests with which adverse renal effects can be detected at a stage when removal from exposure to the offending agent(s) may lead to complete recovery or may at least prevent an accelerated decline in renal function. The screening tests used in cl...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lauwerys R,Bernard A

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A diversity of chemicals cause discrete lesions in the kidney by a number of different mechanisms, and similar types of chemicals may give rise to more than one target cell injury. Screening for these lesions in vivo may be unreliable if a single noninvasive or invasive criterion is used. Instead, evidence of nephroto...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bach PH

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subacute nephrotoxicity of more than 20 industrial solvents has been compared in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were given 5 i.p. injections of the solvents per week for 2 weeks at doses ranging from 1/20 to 1/5 of the i.p. or oral LD50 and the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta 2-...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bernard AM,de Russis R,Normand JC,Lauwerys RR

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was administered to adult male mice for 6 d at dose levels of 2, 4 and 8 mg/g b.w. Dose levels of 4 and 8 mg/g MSG resulted in significant changes in serum total lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids and blood glucose 31 d after cessation of exposure. Administration of 2 mg/...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ahluwalia P,Malik VB

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro interactions of carbaryl and carcinogenic N-nitrosocarbaryl with rat liver microsomal monooxygenase activities are compared. The inhibitory effect of the nitroso-compound is demonstrated to be non-competitive on aminopyrine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase. The nature of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Beraud M,Forgue MF,Pipy B,Derache P

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dermal toxicity of the new multi-insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) was studied in female rabbits. LD50 of DEPA was estimated to be 3505 mg/kg b.w. On daily topical application for 21 d at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., dermal irritancy score and blood chemistry changes indicated that the compound is non-irr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rao SS,Agarwal MK,Rao KM,Swamy RV

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The capacity of the trichothecene T-2 toxin to alter resistance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined in the mouse. Both LPS-susceptible (C3H/HeN) and LPS-resistant (C3H/HeJ) mouse strains exhibited markedly enhanced mortality when a single oral dose of T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) was coadministered with a subacu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tai JH,Pestka JJ

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical and histopathologic parameters of nephrotoxicity were measured in groups of male Fischer-344 rats after a 2-week, 5-days-a-week schedule of oral administration (0.5 ml/kg) of the following substances: aviation gasoline (grade 100) (AVG), automobile regular unleaded gasoline (ULG) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gérin M,Viau C,Talbot D,Greselin E

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To clarify a possible mechanism of zinc (Zn)-induced tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity on bone formation, femurs from 9-day-old chick embryos were cultured for 6 days by the roller-tube method in the presence of Cd (2, 4 or 9 microM) and/or Zn (60 microM). Zn prevented a decrease in bone growth caused by Cd at 4 and ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kaji T,Takata M,Hoshino T,Miyahara T,Kozuka H,Kurashige Y,Koizumi F

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral endpoints offer special challenges to toxicology. One arises from the sometimes conflicting ways in which adverse effects may be expressed. For example, both increases and decreases in response rates of schedule-controlled performance may be produced by a specific agent, depending on the specific schedule. ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Weiss B

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model of the growing small animal skeleton has been developed. The model accurately reproduces a variety of different kinds of measurements made at different ages in different species, as well as reproducing a precise and detailed series of measurements in the growing guinea pig. Of the multiple mechanisms responsib...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： O'Flaherty EJ

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of a single i.p. injection of 0, 20, 200, and 1000 microliter/kg carbon tetrachloride on the activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was measured in the rat by a model substrate assay employing lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) and by a battery of in vitro enzyme assays. The data in this...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chadwick RW,Copeland MF,Carlson GP,Trela BA,Most BM

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of paraquat on lung subcellular calcium transport was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. With a high dose of 30 mg/kg given i.p., a significant decrease in the lung mitochondrial and microsomal calcium uptake at 24, 48, and 72 h after paraquat was observed. Trend of recovery was evident at 96 h in the sur...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Agarwal AK,Coleman JW

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde), the major metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), was investigated for its potential to form DNA-protein cross-links (DPX), a lesion produced by other aldehydes. Chloral did not form DPX in rat liver nuclei at concentrations up to 250 mM for 30 min at 37 degrees C, while chloroacetaldeh...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Keller DA,Heck HD

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) kinetics were compared in rats before, during and after partial starvation. Food restriction produced a drastic mobilization of the residues stored in the adipose tissue resulting in symptoms of neurotoxicity. The redistribution was reversibl...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： To-Figueras J,Gómez-Catalán J,Rodamilans M,Corbella J

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genotoxicity of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been studied in vivo in mice. Bone marrow chromosome aberrations were not dose, time or route dependent, but most of the results differed significantly from controls except after 6 and 24 h of treatment using the i.p. and s.c. routes, respective...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bhunya SP,Pati PC

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guinea pigs could be immunologically sensitised (as shown by the development of antigen-specific homocytotropic antibodies) to toluene diisocyanate by exposing them for 3 h a day for 5 consecutive days to atmospheres containing free chemical. Pulmonary reactions could be elicited in many of the sensitised animals by c...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Botham PA,Hext PM,Rattray NJ,Walsh ST,Woodcock DR

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00